The Portrayal of Otherworldly Spaces

One of the main motivations, which prompt people to read fiction-novels and to watch movies, which contain the motifs of otherworldliness, is the fact that, while being exposed to these literary and cinematographic works, individuals are being often able to confirm the validity of their unconscious anxieties, as to what accounts for the true essence of a surrounding reality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Portrayal of Otherworldly Spaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its turn, this usually helps people to attain the sensation of an ‘existential wholesonmess’ – when they come in a close touch with a number of socially suppressed truths about what may be considered the actual significance of their life-experiences. The Freudian concept of ‘uncanny’ comes in particularly handy, when it comes to discussing the significance of fictitious representations of otherworldliness, â€Å"An uncanny experience occurs either when infantile complexes which have been repressed are once more revived by some impression, or when primitive beliefs which have been surmounted seem once more to be confirmed† (Freud 57). Therefore, it makes a perfect logical sense to discuss these representations as such that are being reflective of the workings of people’s unconscious psyche. In this paper, I will aim to do just that, in regards to the motifs of otherworldliness, which can be found in George Lucas’s 1977 film Star War: A New Hope and Steven King’s 1977 novel The Shining. The foremost aspect of how the unworldly reality is being depicted in Lucas’s movie is the fact that, while being exposed to it, viewers are being prompted to establish dialectical links between what they get to see on the screen and what accounts for the essence of their socialization-related experiences, in a real life. The validity of this statement can be well illus trated in relation to the film’s scene, in which the characters of Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) and Obi-Wan Kenobi (Alec Guinness) end up confronting aliens and mutated humans in the bar, on the planet of Tatooine (00.46.37). Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There can be few doubts as to the fact that there are strongly defined motifs of the Freudian ‘uncanny’ to this particular scene, because it relates to the White viewers’ unconscious fear of multiculturalism. After all, it does not represent much of a secret that even many open-minded Whites in Western countries, where the policy of multiculturalism had attained an official status, do not exhibit much of an enthusiasm, while being required to take an active part in the ‘celebration of diversity’. Hence, their tendency to prefer residing in a racially secluded ‘white suburbiaâ€⠄¢, as opposed to residing amidst the representatives of racial minorities in ethnic ‘ghettos’. Therefore, while exposed to the scene, in which the alien-looking representatives of an ‘intergalactic scum’ are picking upon the characters of Luke Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi, many viewers confirm the validity of their rationally suppressed fear of venturing in places, where ethnically diverse individuals can be found in particularly large numbers. There are two mutually exclusive aspects of how people experience the ‘uncanny’ – they are being simultaneously encouraged and discouraged to rationalize their unconscious anxieties, in regards to the potential dangers of the unknown. Apparently, Steven King was well aware of it, which is why he used to say that it is being in the very nature of just about every individual to expect that even thoroughly conventional settings conceal subliminal horrors. Therefore, it does not come as a particular surprise that King’s novel contains scenes, in which Danny’s otherworldly daydreaming becomes ‘uncanny’ to an extent that readers simply cannot help but having their attention solely focused on the plot’s unraveling – quite contrary to the fact that they do realize that what they are about to read may well scare them to death.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Portrayal of Otherworldly Spaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, there is a memorable scene in the novel when Danny is having a vision of streams of blood starting to pour down on the floor out of the elevator doors (King 161). This scene’s ‘uncanny’ appeal is being concerned with the fact that the author was able to take a certain advantage of the readers’s subliminal tendency to associate the color red with blood. Therefore, even though readers do get to experience a cert ain horror, while being exposed to this scene, on an unconscious level, they nevertheless do not perceive the concerned plot’s twist as being thoroughly unrealistic. This is because, prior to having this vision, Danny stared at the red-colored elevator doors for a long time. Yet, the prolonged staring at ominously looking red doors can never bring any good – people’s unconscious psyche never ceases being aware of it. The fact that the portrayal of otherworldly spaces in movies serves the purpose of prompting viewers to come to terms with their fear of the unknown can also be explored in regards to another scene in Lucas film, in which Luke Skywalker, Princess Lea (Carrie Fisher) and Han Solo (Harrison Ford) find themselves trapped in the Imperial spaceship’s garbage-compartment (01.21.43). While there, they realize that is a some kind of dangerous creature is lurking underneath the murky water. Yet, even though that a good part of the concerned action in volves all three characters trying to figure out what they are being faced with, the creature never shows itself. The only part of this creature that viewers get to see is its tentacle. This, of course, results in the intensification of viewers’ fears of the unknown even further, because it is specifically the unknown types of danger, which people tend to perceive as being particularly dangerous. It appears that by exposing viewers to this particular scene, Lucas was able to strengthen the acuteness of their ‘uncanny’ experiences, which in turn increased the film’s cinematographic appeal rather dramatically – in full accordance with Freud’s outlook on the subject matter.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The same can be said about the scene in King’s novel, in which Danny realizes the fact that his nightmares of being chased by a person with an ax in his hands were bound to come to reality, â€Å"It was the place he had seen in the midst of the blizzard†¦ The place Tony had warned him against. It was here. It was here. Whatever Redrum was, it was here† (69). The clearly ‘uncanny’ undertones to Danny’s earlier mentioned realization are being thoroughly apparent, because the author made a deliberate point in emphasizing the unknown subtleties of Redrum, which in turn increased the extent of this scene emotional intensity. Apparently, King wanted readers to remain in the state of suspense, for as long as possible. This is the reason why, every time the novel’s characters come in a close touch with the emanations of otherworldliness, they can never they can never grasp the true significance of their experiences, in this respect. The manner i n which Freudian ‘uncanny’ is being explored in movies that contain strongly defined otherworldly motifs, often serves the purpose of allowing viewers to experience the sensation of Dà ©jà   vu. In its turn, this strengthens the extent of their commitment to perceiving the plot’s unraveling as such that does in fact relate to their own positioning in life. For example, there are a number of scenes in Lucas’s film, in which Imperial officers act in a particularly cold-blooded manner, while refusing to consider other people’s feelings. These scenes, of course, were meant to trigger in viewers the same set of emotions that they get to experience, while reflecting upon the historical legacy of Nazi Germany. Therefore, it is not a pure coincidence the Imperial officers’ uniforms resemble those that used to be worn by Nazis – especially riding breeches, as seen on the screenshot below. Apparently, the director did strive to prompt viewers to construct their attitude towards the representatives of the ‘dark side’, in regards to what accounted for the discursive significance of Imperial soldiers’ physical appearance and the qualitative essence of their psychological inclinations. In its turn, this explains the popularity of this film’s most otherworldly character – Darth Vader. Even though that, throughout the movie’s entirety, Darth Vader rarely talks, viewers nevertheless are able to get a good clue, as what kind of an individual he really is. The reason for this is quite apparent – despite the character’s otherworldly appearance, people can well recognize him as a person who represents currently suppressed (due to considerations of political correctness), but discursively legitimate masculine virtues of loyalty and cold-heartedness. Essentially the same line of reasoning can be applied, when it comes to discussing the significance of Dà ©jà   vu–invoki ng scenes in King’s novel, concerned with otherworldliness. The scene, in which the character of Jack Torrance walks in the ballroom, filled with the ghosts of people that were alive during the Great Depression, exemplifies the point. This is because, the appearance of these ghosts (or mental constructs, which existed solely within Jack’s brain) cannot be discussed outside of the fact that the era of the Great Depression has been traditionally associated with the notion of moral depravity, â€Å"A woman in gauzy harem pants and a rhinestone-sparkled brassiere, a man with a foxhead rising slyly out of his evening dress, a man in a silvery dog outfit who was tickling the nose of a woman in a sarong with the puff on the end of his long tail† (405). What it means is that, even before Jack turns into a bloodthirsty psycho, the earlier mentioned scene provided readers with an unconsciously-felt indication that this eventual development was indeed bound to occur. Appar ently, while being prompted to construct images of fancifully dressed people drinking and laughing, readers get to experience a Dà ©jà   vu sensation that there is something utterly short-lived about these partying individuals. After all, on an unconscious level, we all know that the intensity of a particular sensual pleasure corresponds to the extent of this pleasure’s lengthiness in a counter-geometrical progression. Thus, the portrayal of an otherworldly space in this particular scene was meant to confirm the validity of readers’ growing suspicion that Jack was actually on the path of a mental self-destruction. Works Cited Freud, Zigmund. The Uncanny, London: Penguin Books Limited, 2003. Print. King, Steven. The Shining, New York: Gallery Books, 2002. Print. Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Ex. Prod. George Lucas: 20th Century Fox. 1977. DVD. This essay on The Portrayal of Otherworldly Spaces was written and submitted by user Graysen Floyd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analysis Of The Common Assessment Framework Social Work Essay Essay Example

Analysis Of The Common Assessment Framework Social Work Essay Essay Example Analysis Of The Common Assessment Framework Social Work Essay Essay Analysis Of The Common Assessment Framework Social Work Essay Essay The Common Assessment Framework is used by assorted professionals and bureaus to utilize one procedure of sharing information and integrate working on a immature individual ( revise re-word more info ) The CAF procedure is seen as a nucleus component in incorporate working and promotes more effectual usage of clip used to measure immature people, seen by many as a universal and impersonal system used by all bureaus. The CAF emerged from the 2003 Green Paper Every Child Matters which marked a policy of the integrating of practicians and services. ( Wise, C, Harrison, R, 2005 ) As undertaken the function of a young person worker I chose Candi ( my 16 twelvemonth old girl who lives with her female parent from a old matrimony ) as the immature individual I would wish to assist make full in the CAF signifier. In the instance of the appraisal undertaken for the assignment, it was explained to Candi the intent and result of the appraisal and she was non being officially assessed, and that the procedure was to critically measure the CAF and set out the faculty usher and shown to Candi, although unsure at first, Candi was happy to continue. I choose Candi as the campaigner because of the fact of the immature people who I pattern with are immature wrongdoers and because of their tribunal orders, they identities need to be guarded and a bulk of the immature people categorically refused to take portion. The inquiry is asked of what led to the appraisal of the immature individual which has to unclutter and an agreed statement by all involved and if any other bureaus that are involved with the immature individual including the immature individual and families/carers. Key countries of the CAF is to seek and prosecute the immature individual with households in the procedure and attempt and develop a better apprehension of the procedure and indentify the immature individual s needs at the earliest perceivable phase, nevertheless, with most bureaus and services, a bulk of households are loath and wary of sharing information particularly if individuals have been involved with any bureaus and services in the yesteryear. This reluctance is why the immature individual and household must hold the full apprehension of the whole procedure and the benefits so the preparation of the practician must be full and up-to-date ( revision ) nevertheless as a young person worker and measuring the immature individual, the practician has to maintain ain values and criterions apart if I m speaking to a peculiar individual, it is non a inquiry of seeking to take to my values, but frequently to seek show some different values ( Smith, M, 1994 ) Candi has neer been involved with any bureaus before or assessed officially by any services earlier, when asked how she would experience about being officially assessed she said she would experience scared and really nervous of the procedure and even with her female parent present she would be frightened to state the incorrect thing in instance of herself or parents into problem. If there is two or more services involved with the immature individual, a squad would be arranged around the kid meeting and so the lead professional would be identified, ( reword ) nevertheless there is a reluctance to go the lead practician in the CAF procedure as that practician becomes the bench grade for any farther action taken by future bureau s or professionals, the reluctance is out of fright of doing errors from the force per unit area of lead practician. ( revision ) Current household and place state of affairs While make fulling this subdivision, Candi felt diffident how to reply the inquiry and looked towards her female parent for blessing, before giving any personal inside informations about household. This subdivision can hard for the immature individual if under 16 and a parent or carer is present, before the appraisal is carried out, there are no inside informations of the present household state of affairs whether jobs are apparent or non, Candi lives as portion of a one parent household with her younger sister who is 11 old ages old and times can hard with looking after her while her female parent plant, nevertheless some immature kids come from broken places with assorted sum of troubles or life in kids s place, or with friends which merely can construct as the immature individual s anxiousness. Agency engagement with immature individual The appraisal procedure used when transporting out can be really daunting and really personal, nevertheless household or carer support is important throughout as personal and private information is obtain, plus information of any bureau engagement, physicians, wellness visitants, connections and any educational proviso and so-forth can to hard to determine at the clip of the appraisal with the immature individual. Candi found personal inside informations The procedure of the CAF attempts to see a Varity of ethical issues with over 30 replies to the inquiry of ethnicity which can be a personal and confounding inquiry to inquire to inquire a immature individual. So it is preferred to inquire the household or immature individual to self specify their ethnicity and no premises should be made by the practician. ( revision ) Development of the immature individual To seek and determine the development of the immature individual with worries/needs and strengths/resources a assortment of information ( revision ) affecting wellness, emotional and self regard with among others which can be hard to seek and roll up information about unless if in close contact through personal contact through different fortunes with a more impersonal ambiance to acquire to cognize the immature individual has a more trustful surrounding. Candi found this subdivision hard to explicate, particularly about her emotions. Candi did non understand why these inquiries needed to be asked and their intent. It was explained emotion demands are of import portion of a immature individual s development and any concerns or demands had to be ascertained in order to assist the immature individual and non ( revision ) A bulk of immature people when asked about the Common Assessment model and what the procedure was used for would be diffident unless the immature individual has been explained what the procedure can be used to seek better countries of life betterment ( revision ) and better personal development, nevertheless if explained how it may affect a kid protection or safeguarding processs if certain facets should originate during the assessment procedure, which could do concern to the immature individual, the immature individual could non be as forth-coming with personal information about household life in general, and particularly if the parent or carer is involved in the procedure. However, the whole procedure is for the positive aspiration public assistance of the immature individual. ( revision ) Parents and carers Information gathered in the subdivision entitled Parents and carers affecting information including basic attention, emotion warm and boundaries for illustration can be really personal to the immature individual and the parent/carer could interfere with any inquiry asked. As with most immature people, personal information including emotions can be rather difficult to unwrap particularly if the immature individual is sing life phases including pubescence and adolescence. ( revision ) Family and environmental Family and environmental maps including the wellbeing of the immature individual plus resources including instruction but fiscal consideration can a delicate capable nevertheless can give a valuable penetration to household affairs. Financial trouble can do an array of jobs which influence societal and personal development of the immature individual either by non inscribing into farther instruction or by dominance of parents/carers working unsociable and unpractical hours doing household break in the household place. ( revision ) Candi found this portion hard to make full in sing the relationship with ourselves and her female parent being there during the appraisal. I felt Candi did non reply the inquiries wholly candidly and to her fullest ( revision ) Well-being graduated table Well-being graduated table of the child/person by the assessor and the well-being graduated table 0-10 given by the parent/carer is besides used excessively which can see as a excess tool as a figure of different factors can act upon the graduated table nevertheless a general indicant by the parent/carer on their sentiment of the immature individual s well-being nevertheless it can neer give a true contemplation ( revision ) Improvement and reexamine Improvement and reappraisal which includes the positions of the parent/carer/young individual ( revision ) Young individual s ends Young individual s personal ends and general position of appraisal ( revision ) Practitioners ends Practitioner s ends and position of appraisal ( revision ) Decisions, solutions and actions Decisions, solutions and actions is the tabular array or a opportunity to indentify cardinal countries for alteration with recommended actions by the whom and estimated clip of action which should hold all those involved on the job towards the same docket and promote households to what is go oning as easier advancement is to be made. Specific ends are to be made either short or long term but still be specific in the reappraisal clip. The position and ideas of the immature individual should be apparent throughout the procedure and gaining control any remarks which are relevant and helpful, adolescence is hence seen, as young person workers, as a minute of oppugning a minute in which immature people reflect critically in their sense of ego, their beliefs and values ( Young, K, 1999 p.28 ) The CAF procedure can assist place demands at an early phase and assist instruction governments achieve better battle with immature individual and with school attending ; future academic aspiration and assist the immature individual better wellness and household relationships with siblings and parents/carers. Noted on underside of CAF signifier is a note of exceeding fortunes and important injury to the immature individual which asks the inquiry of following precaution processs if at any clip the practician feels that there is an issue. Those who work with immature people have a duty to safeguard and advance their public assistance ( C. Wise Harrison. R, 2005 p33 ) , this is an of import issue for any practician or individual who works with a immature and is an of import duty and requires watchfulness ( reword ) and attending to the immature individual who may non be carry throughing the demands and development potency. ( C. Wise Harrison, R, 2005 )

The Beveridge Approach versus The Workfare Approach Essay

The Beveridge Approach versus The Workfare Approach - Essay Example Nevertheless, it is cautioned that matters are not that straightforward. Often left-wingers favour practices that disable institutional support that may affect their broader ideology and there are right-wingers who may favour it as it positively affects their broader policies. This is only a particular instance. (An Introduction to Social Policy, Undated). In November, 1942, Sir William Beveridge presented his report entitled "Social Insurance and Allied Services" to His Majesty the King. In it he mentioned that there were three guiding principles that he had used to formulate his policy of public social service. These are as follows. Sir Beveridge asserted that any experiences gleaned in the past must be used to build opportunities to the future. Such experience should not be restricted on the basis of any sectional interests vested in its gathering. He personally remarked of this - "A revolutionary moment in the world's history is a time for revolutions, not for patching." (The Beveridge Report, 1942) The second principle cautioned that the organisation of social insurance should be treated as only a part of overall social progress. This was so because social insurance aimed at negating all want in the British people. Sir Beveridge cautioned that 'want' was only one aspect of the reconstruction that was then necessary to put the British Empire back on its feet after the war. The other four were - disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. Then third principle was that social security w3as to be achieved by co-operation between state and individual. The state would offer security for service and contribution. It would organise security but not stifle incentive, opportunity and responsibility. It would establish a national minimum but it would leave room and encourage voluntary action by an individual to procure more than that minimum for himself and his family. (The Beveridge Report, 1942)New Labour's Welfare Policy When the 'New Labour' Party came to power in Britain in May, 1997, it did so with a considerably changed economic manifesto from its previous stint which immediately preceded its re-election. Under Tony Blair, the new labour economic policy was strongly oriented towards the supply side and the welfare state was intended to exist on the basis of steady employment provided by the pull of demand. All these changed policies were meant to

Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in the UK Essay

Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in the UK - Essay Example ance appraisal is regarded as an important process, which allows the management to analyse the performance of employees working in the organization (Aminuddin 2008, Pettijohn, et al. 2001). Employees who are satisfied with their work and tasks serve as the means for improving the overall organizational performance and it is due to this reason it has been found that above ninety percent of business corporations have systems in place for monitoring performance of the workers and staff members (Seldon, Ingraham and Jacobson 2001). The performance appraisal systems are largely placed to ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs and this is determined by their â€Å"overall performance†, â€Å"commitment towards organization† and its goals and the â€Å"turnover rate† (Vignaswaran 2008). Considering this discussion, it is important for the management to explore and evaluate the relationship between performance appraisal systems and job satisfaction of employ ees and take the necessary measures for them to improve their performance and minimize their turnover intention. This research work is aimed at exploring the impact of an effective performance appraisal system in an organization on the job satisfaction of employees. In this regard, the research explores the relationship of performance appraisal effectiveness with overall performance, commitment and turnover of employees. Chapter one explores the relationship between an effective performance appraisal system and employees’ job satisfaction in the United Kingdom, since it enables the organizations to understand the influence placed by effective performance appraisal on the overall organizational performance and job satisfaction of the employees. The objectives and the significance of the research are also... Performance appraisal is regarded as an important area of concern in relation to human resource development and management (Aminuddin 2008, Noe et al., 2009). In business entities, performance appraisal is regarded as an important process, which allows the management to analyse the performance of employees working in the organization (Aminuddin 2008, Pettijohn et al., 2001). In the present research we will try to identify how PA affects the employees’ job satisfaction and work performance. Employees who are satisfied with their work and tasks serve as the means for improving the overall organizational performance and it is due to this reason it has been found that above ninety percent of business corporations have systems in place for monitoring performance of the workers and staff members. The performance appraisal systems are largely placed to ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs and this is determined by their â€Å"overall performance†, â€Å"commitment towards organization† and its goals and the â€Å"turnover rate†. â€Å"Performance Appraisal has been widely practiced in both the private and public sectors in the UK and the US for 20-30 yrs.† as noted from Whyte in 1986, it is Human Resource practice that is widespread in many organizations. It should be though considered as a vital one since Performance Appraisal is actually helping the organization to motivate in the best possible way his employees, to train and develop them and they will act as being the mediators for achieving its aims, its objectives and its profitability.

Plato - Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Plato Philosophy Essay The Republic is one of Plato’s longer works (more than 450 pages in length). It is written in dialogue form (as are most of Plato’s books), it addresses major issues in almost all of the branches of philosophy. The central theme in the book seems to be the nature of justice, a topic in political philosophy, but Plato also has his characters explore issues in ? philosophical cosmology, ? philosophical theology, ? philosophical anthropology, ? ethics, ? aesthetics, and ? epistemology. The parts of the Republic that are contained in our text (pp. 107-123) focus on Plato’s idea (ideal?) of the Philosopher Ruler. According to Plato, ? the best possible political system (state) ? will be ruled (governed) ? by PHILOSOPHERS! (Is he kidding? ) Our reading selection contains the following themes/sections: ? ? Introduction on the unifying of philosophy politics (107) Why true philosophers would make the best rulers (108-12) †¢ What is true philosophy? (108-11) †¢ Love of wisdom (108) †¢ Knowledge of true reality (108-9) †¢ The distinctions between knowledge, ignorance and opinion (109-11) †¢ How is a true philosopher different from a lover of opinion? (111-12) †¢ Who is best suited to rule the state – lovers of opinion or true philosophers? (112) ? ? Political leadership and knowledge of the Good (112-13) The ascent of the mind to knowledge of the Good (113-123) †¢ The analogy between the Good and the sun (113-15) †¢ The image of the divided line (115-18) †¢ The allegory of the cave (118-123) The selection in the text begins at a point in the Republic after Socrates, Glaucon, other characters have been discussing the nature of justice and the marks of a just political system for some time. So we are coming into the middle of the conversation where Glaucon is pressing Socrates to state whether it is possible for a really just political system to come into existence. Before answering Glaucon’s question, Socrates wonders whether it is worthwhile to What does he say construct a theoretical model of a good political system even if such a system could about this? Do you agree? Why not actually exist. or why not? Back to Glaucon’s original question: Can a really just (or at least approximately just) political system exist? What would make it possible? (It is the separation of philosophy political power. ) And this leads to . . . . unless political power philosophy are brought together those who now pursue either the one or the other exclusively are prevented from doing so -neither our political problems nor our human troubles in general can be ended . . . . † (Text, pp. 108-111) True Philosophy True Philosophers What are the characteristics of a person who is naturally suited to practice philosophy? According to Socrates (Plato), a true philosopher ? loves the whole of wisdom and is satisfied with nothing less; ? recognizes the difference between particular things and the essences (or forms) of which particular things are likenesses (e.g. , beautiful things vs. Beauty itself); and ? knows the differences between knowledge, ignorance, and opinion. Plato argues that someone who really loves something must love that thing as a whole and not just some aspects of it. On that basis, he concludes that a true philosopher (lover of wisdom) must desire wisdom as a whole and not be content with having just some wisdom. Do you agree with this? Do wine-lovers really love all wines? A true philosopher recognizes the difference between particular things and the essences (or forms) of which particular things are likenesses (e. g. , beautiful things vs.Beauty itself). One of Plato’s major metaphysical theories is known as the â€Å"Theory of Forms. † According to that theory, ultimate reality is a realm of forms (essences) not accessible to the senses but only to the mind (intellect). He calls that level of reality the â€Å"intelligible realm† (because it is accessible only to the intellect). The perceptible world (i. e. , the world we perceive through our senses) is a reflection or copy of that higher intelligible world. (The Greek word for â€Å"form† or â€Å"essence† is eidos. ) Do you think it is possible for one thing to be really more beautiful than another thing? Well, how is that possible if Absolute Beauty does not exist? How can â€Å"A† be more beautiful than â€Å"B†? Doesn’t â€Å"A† have to be closer to Absolute Beauty than â€Å"B† is? But how can â€Å"A† be closer to (or â€Å"B† be further away from) Absolute Beauty if Absolute Beauty does not exist? A true philosopher knows the differences between ? Knowledge, ? ignorance, ? opinion. Plato’s view of knowledge, ignorance, and opinion (Text, pp. 109-111) State of Mind Knowledge Opinion Ignorance Object What is (Being, Reality) What is is not (Becoming) What is not (Nothingness, Unreality) Access Intellect Perception ? (Do you agree with this setup/theory?) Is Plato right about knowledge, ignorance, and opinion? Here’s a different view†¦. What about knowledge? The three basic questions in epistemology ? ? What is knowledge? How does it differ from opinion? How do we acquire knowledge? What are its sources? Rationalism vs. Empiricism. (What about Intuitionism and Revelationism? ) ? What are the extent and limits of knowledge? What can be known, and what cannot be known? A (fairly) standard definition of knowledge (and opinion) ? Knowledge is justified (i. e. , verified) true belief. †¢ To know is to believe. †¢ The belief must, in fact, be true. †¢ The belief must be justified (i.e. , verified, proved) by some standard and generally recognized means. ? Opinion is belief that may be true or may be false but that has not been or cannot be justified (i. e. , verified, proved) by any standard and generally recognized means. Of course, some opinions that are rationally defensible in the weak sense are â€Å"justified† in a limited way. And what about ignorance? Isn’t ignorance basically an absence of knowledge? Of course, opinion is also an absence of knowledge. So perhaps ignorance is a certain or special kind of opinion that is in some sense groundless (in a way based on nothing, as Plato says). ? There seem to be various types of ignorance, including unintelligent ignorance, as when someone asserts dogmatically that a false proposition is true or that a true proposition is false. There is also intelligent ignorance, as when someone does not know X and acknowledges forthrightly that he does not know it, etc. More thought is needed on this matter†¦. ? However, Plato’s view of ignorance as having non-being (nothingness) as its object does not seem correct (or at least not completely correct). ? ? ? Lovers of wisdom (philosophers) they recognize the existence of absolute, transcendental essences such as Beauty Justice in themselves, and they seek knowledge of such absolutes. ? Lovers of opinion -they recognize only particular perceptible things do not believe in the existence of absolute essences such as Beauty itself. So what is the nature of the Absolute Good? (Text, p. 112-113) In approaching the problem of defining the nature of the Absolute Good, Socrates (Plato) sets forth three very famous illustrations of his overall perspective on knowledge reality. These are I The Good the Sun The Good is to the mind as the sun is to the eye, i.e. , just as the sun’s light enables the eye to see in the perceptible realm, so the Good illuminates the mind and enables it to â€Å"see† in the intelligible realm. (See text, pp. 113-115) 2 The divided line (Text, pp. 115-118) States of Consciousness Philosophical Wisdom E Objects of Consciousness The Good Other Forms Knowledge D Intelligible Realm Scientific Knowledge Informed Opinion Delusion C B Mathematical Scientific Objects Opinion Perceptible Objects Images Perceptible Realm A (Text, pp. 118-123) Can you link the images on the following slide to Plato’s depiction of the cave world on pp. 118-121 in the text? Now that the prisoner has â€Å"seen the light,† ? What might happen to him if he were to go back down into the cave-world? (pp. 119-121) ? How does he feel when he looks back down into the cave-world? (pp. 119) ? How does the allegory of the cave illustrate Plato’s overall view of knowledge and reality? (p. 121) More questions: ? What’s the philosophical difference between coming into the darkness from the light coming into the light from the darkness? (p. 121) ? What, according to Plato, does the allegory of the cave tell us about what the process of education should be? (pp. 121-122) there are the big questions: Why should we want philosophers to rule? How are we going to get them to rule? Since we are asking them to come back down into the cave-world, won’t we be doing them harm by making their lives worse rather than better? (Text, pp. 122-123) What do you think of the following statements by Plato (Socrates)? â€Å"The best rulers of the state are those who know the Good, who don’t look to politics for their happiness, who live a higher life than the political life. † â€Å"Political power should be held by those who do not want it. † The End (for now).

Geronimo :: essays papers

Geronimo I was born in No-doyohn Canon, Arizona, June, 1829. In that country which lies around the head waters of the Gila River I was reared. This range was our fatherland; among these mountains our wigwams were hidden; the scattered valleys contained our fields; the boundless prairies, stretching away on every side, were our pastures; the rocky caverns were our burying places. I was fourth in a family of eight children-- four boys and four girls. Of that family, only myself, my brother, Porico, and my sister, Nah-da-ste , are yet alive. We are held as prisoners of war in this Military Reservation (Fort Sill). As a babe I rolled on the dirt floor of my father's tepee, hung in my tsoch (Apache name for cradle) at my mother's back, or suspended from the bough of a tree. I was warmed by the sun, rocked by the winds, and sheltered by the trees as other Indian babes. When a child my mother taught me the legends of our people; taught me of the sun and sky, the moon and stars, the clouds and storms. She also taught me to kneel and pray to Usen for strength, health, wisdom, and protection. We never prayed against any person, but if we had faught against any individual we ourselves took vengeance. We were taught that Usen does not care for the petty quarrels of men. My father had often told me of the brave deeds of our warriors, of the pleasures of the chase, and the glories of the war path. With my brothers and sisters I played about my father's home. Sometimes we played at hide-and-seek among the rocks and pines; sometimes we loitered in the shade of the cottonwood trees or sought the shudock (a kind of wild cherry) while our parents worked in the field. Sometimes we played that we were warriors. We would practice stealing upon some object that represented an enemy, and in our childish imitation often perform the feats of war. Sometimes we would hide away from our mother to see if she could find us, and often when thus concealed go to sleep and perhaps remain hidden for many hours. When we were old enough to be of real service we went to the field with our parents: not to play, but to toil. When the crops were to be planted we broke the ground with wooden hoes. We planted the corn in straight rows, the beans among the corn, and the melons and pumpkins in irregular order over the field. We cultivated these crops

Human Potential – Of Mice And Men

In the novel Of Mice And Men, John Steinbeck Illustrates human potential and its effects on Lennie Crooks and George. Steinbeck suggests humans have the natural potential to seek happiness although the potential can be fatal or harmful. Although Lennie does not have the potential to be smart, Lennie has the potential to be a hard worker. However, Lennie s strength did not work with him and the result was fatal. Lennie is an extremely large man who had the strength of a bull. With the use of his strength, he was great worker but did not understand how strong he was. George explains Lennie s strength by: â€Å"that big bastard can put up more grain alone than most pairs can†( Steinbeck 34). Through his size and his enormous amount of strength Lennie could out work the other men of the ranch by himself. Through the use of Lennie s strength he became a great worker who knew nothing more than to work. Lennie uses his potential to work hard, but does not understand how strong he is. Without George, Lennie does not understand what to do. Lennie gets frightened and uses his strength to hold on to objects. Lennie is just like a child. He will do what ever George tells him to: â€Å"Curely was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie s hand. George slapped [Lennie] in the face again and again and still Lennie held on(63). Through Lennie s actions we can see that Lennie is very similar to a child. Lennie s first instinct when he is scared is to hold on. Just as a little kid holds on to its mom or dad when they become frightened, Lennie holds on to objects. Because of Lennie s low intelligence to understand his strength, he becomes frightened and kills Curley s wife and as a result, she ends up being killed by is otential: â€Å"She took Lennie s hand and put it on her head And then she cried angrily. Lennie s fingers closed on her hair and hung on. He shook her and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still†(91). Lennie did not understand his strength and became frightened, and once again just like just like a little child he held on. But he ended up breaking Curley s wife neck. As a result of his actions Lennie ended up dead. Lennie had an extremely great potential to use his strength and become a great worker. However his difficulty to understand his strength lead to his death. Unlike Lennie Crooks potential is his knowledge, and Crooks has the ability to use his knowledge to, try to escape the problems he has on the ranch. However Crooks falls back into a 1930s attitude and chooses to neglect his knowledge. Crooks also uses his knowledge to express his ideas and feelings to Lennie. â€Å"Books ain t no good. A guy needs somebody to be near him A guy goes nuts if ain t got nobody†. (72) Crooks is proving that he is a very knowledgeable man When around others he may chooses to use his knowledge to express his ideas and become a stronger influence. Crooks uses his wisdom to express his ideas and eelings and leave a very strong impact. Crooks has the likelihood to use his knowledge, but how he uses his wisdom will determine his fate. â€Å"I said s pose George don t come back no more. S pose he took a powder and just ain t coming back. What ll you do then? He won t do it Lennie cried. He ll come back tonight —†(71). Crooks is using his knowledge as a power trip on Lennie who does not understand what Crooks is saying. Crooks is doing this because he has never had a chance to use his knowledge in such way before, but is really abusing it. Crooks chooses to use his knowledge around Lennie. But when a higher authority is around Crooks chooses to ignore it for his own safety. â€Å"Listen nigger, [Curley s wife] said, (y)ou know what I can do to you if you open your trap? Crooks seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed himself against the wall. Yes ma am, and his voice was toneless†(80). When a higher authority is present Crooks chooses to ignore his knowledge because he is scared to speak out for fear of losing his job. Despite Crooks, knowledge he chooses to ignore it around higher authority, this ending up in a 1930 s attitude with his knowledge going to waste. Unlike Lennie or Crooks George has the potential to be his own boss. If George does not work hard enough his potential to be his own boss will be lost and his dream will be crushed. George has always wanted to be his own boss. When he sees that the potential is there, George tries to act on it. George says: â€Å"We d just go there, we wouldn t ask nobody if we could â€Å"(61). George would love to be his own boss and do his own thing, mainly because George would not have to take orders from any one. To accomplish being his own boss, George tries to save his money so that he can buy the ranch: â€Å"If me an Lennie work one onth an don t spen nothing, well have a hundred bucks† (60). To fulfill his potential to be his own boss, George says he will save his money and not spend any. If George can accomplish this he will be his own boss. When Lennie breaks Curley s wife s neck, George realizes that the potential to be his own boss is lost. Candy says: † You an me can get that little place, can t we George? Candy dropped his head and looked down at the hay. He knew†(94). Now that Lennie has broken Curley s wife s neck, George realizes that his possibility of being his own boss is gone. Without Lennie, George feels here is no hope. As a result the potential to be his own boss is lost. George has a great potential to be his own boss, but with the death of Lennie, George loses hope. George has chosen his fate to be a worker and not to be his own boss. In his novel, Of Mice And Men, John Steinbeck illustrates to us that all humans have the potential to do well, but how they use their potential will determine their fate. Lennie, Crooks and George all have one thing on their mind: to accomplish their potential and make it reality. If they do not use their potential It can a source of pain and an unfulfilled dream.